Essay on Dependence to Independence in Hills Like White...

Dependence to Independence in Hills Like White Elephants In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the lives of Jig and the American, the main characters, are put on display for a brief period of time. Jig and the man have had a romantic relationship for quite some time, and now their future together is in jeopardy. The impregnation of Jig has caused the American to pressure her into getting an abortion. We find these two individuals in the Valley of the Ebro. Traveling from Barcelona to Madrid, the couple takes these few minutes to discuss the future of their baby. Jig now must make one of the most important decisions of her life – to have the abortion and stay with the American, or to have the baby and end the†¦show more content†¦The presence of the sun symbolizes the â€Å"rays of truth†. â€Å"The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade.† Hiding from the inevitable truth – the inevitable topic of discussion, Jig and the male sit in the shade of the rail station. During Jig and the American’s first conversation, the girl is â€Å"†¦looking off at the line of hills. They were white in the sun and the country was brown and dry†¦. ‘They [the hills] look like white elephants,’ she said. ‘I’ve never seen one,’ the man drank his beer. ‘No, you wouldn’t have.’ ‘I might have,’ the man said. ‘Just because you say I wouldn’t have doesn’t prove anything.’† The hills Jig are referring to offer insight into the situation at hand. Blurry, distant, and white, the hills that she stares at are representative of a pregnant woman’s stomach. The â€Å"white elephants† are emblematic of an item that is useless or unwanted. The â€Å"white elephant† in this forty-minute encounter is the baby. S. Abdoo offers a further explanation of the hills in his essay, â€Å"Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephantsâ₠¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"†¦she [Jig] ruminates that it is not so much that the hills look like elephants as that the color of them in the sun reminds her of the coloring of their skin (72). The association of words, from hills to elephants to skin, followed immediately by the Americans first allusion to abortion as an awfully simple operation (72),Show MoreRelatedSocietal Prejudice Against Women in Hills Like White Elephants926 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story Hills Like White Elephants, Ernest Hemmingways characters situation is greatly a product of the social standards for men and women of the time around the 1930s. Their problems which come into play other than the topic of the abortion, such as their relationship, their nationalities, and their financial situation all help to create that feeling of helpless indecision and inevitability that are apparent throughout the story. The style of writing that is used leaves much ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1876 Words   |  8 PagesA reoccurring thematic issue in our society, as portrayed in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"Cat in the Rain†, is that gender controls every aspect of our lives. Gender roles have socialized us to obey and maintain strict rules that keep us accepted in society, â€Å"Once gender identity is developed, all thoughts, actions, and behavior is organized around it. When they find out what gender mean s in their life, they embrace that understanding in ways that create and reinforce gender stereotypes† (LindseyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesâ€Å"massification† of reproduction, production, trade, and transportation, as well as communication, consumption, and culture. Mass migration is an integral part of these broader global processes that have shaped the modern world. Dating the shift is—like the periodization of any social process—a slippery affair. But for mass migration, and for some of the other linked processes, the first half of the nineteenth century offers a more meaningful turning point than the beginning of the twentieth. TheRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesbegin, often referred to, seldom known: THE BLIND M E N A N D THE ELEPHANT by John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887) It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all of them were blind) That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The First approached the Elephant, And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At once began to brawl: God bless me but the Elephant Is very like a wall. The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, Ho! What have weRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLoyalty Is an Outdated Concept 87 Questions for Review 88 Experiential Exercise What Factors Are Most Important to Your Job Satisfaction? 89 Ethical Dilemma Bounty Hunters 89 Case Incident 1 Long Hours, Hundreds of E-Mails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? 90 Case Incident 2 Crafting a Better Job 91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources ofRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There isRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesauthors would especially like to thank those who read and made comments on the content of various chapters. We would especially like to thank Dr. A. J. Anderson, a colleague and friend, who supplied several of the case studies that are on the Web site and wrote a companion case studies volume several years ago. Our appreciation also goes to Linda Watkins, the GSLIS librarian at Simmons College, and Rebecca Vargha, the SILS librarian at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, who are two of theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesHallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The rightRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCulture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 Agile PM 6.1.2.2 Rolling wave This page intentionally left blank Project Management The Managerial Process The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision Sciences OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Beckman and Rosenfield, Operations, Strategy: Competing in the 21st Century, First Edition Benton, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Second Edition Bowersox, Closs, and CooperRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesChinese MA: A Look at Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM PC Margaret Wang 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Index Introduction History of Lenovo Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM PC After the merger Conclusion 249 249 249 250 253 255 259 Acknowledgments We would like to thank Stephen Rutt, Alexandra Dawe and Lisa von Fircks at Palgrave Macmillan for guiding us through the process. We also thank Keith Povey Editorial Services and his staff for the excellent work in editing this manuscript, and thanks also to a handful

Research Paper Dave Matthews - 1489 Words

There are many phenomenal musicians in the world, but very few as diverse and cultured as Dave Matthews. Matthews was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1967. Matthews and his family then moved two years later to Westchester County, New York, where his dad went to work for IBM. Then, in the early `70s, Matthews and his family moved to Cambridge, England, before returning to New York. It was in Cambridge where Matthews dad died in 1977 from Hodgkins disease. After his fathers death, the family moved back to South Africa in 1980. It was here that Matthews went to a few different schools and learned more about the evils of government, there and in general. Possibly the most favorable move of Matthews fans was in 1986 when he†¦show more content†¦So maybe (his travels) just gave me a wider pool of listening (dmband.com). The only option for Matthews was to find the best musicians around and surround him with them. The Dave Matthews Band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia, in early 1991, when Matthews decided to put some songs he had written on tape. Instead of simply recording himself with a guitar, he instead decided to bring in some instrumental help to give his musical ideas more depth. His first move was finding the right people to play the parts in his band that he decided fit. He began his search and formed the racially integrated band that is now known worldwide and are continuously ranked in the top five for the largest grossing concert tours of the year. The key roles were soon filled by phenomenal musicians in the area. Dave found assistance in drummer Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore who were both accomplished jazz musicians in the local Charlottesville music scene. Based on the recommendation of distinguished local jazz guru John Dearth, 16-year-old musical prodigy Stefan Lessard came on board to play bass. Completing the band was keyboard player Peter Griesar, w ho left the band after a couple of years, as well as the talented and classically trained violinist, Boyd Tinsley The band was finally formed, and they played their first officialShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Towards Disabled Individuals Is Prevalent Society Today Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination towards disabled individuals is prevalent society today. In this paper I will be discussing various forms of representation of disability in the media. I did my research on the examples by locating an organization known as Stop Ableism, which gave links and sources to various tokenistic and ablist representations in the media. I made the decisions on which section the examples would go into first by deciding if they were ablist and tokenistic or not, then figuring out how severe theRead MoreTorture : Should It Ever Be Tolerated?1661 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased tremendously and according to the United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, torture is categorized as a crim e internationally recognized by law. The paper aims at presenting my stand on torture and whether or not it should be tolerated. According to my research, I ascertain that torture should not be tolerated. Throughout the paper, different arguments concerning torture will be presented including the researches already established on the issue. The terrorist attacks that took placeRead MoreEssay on Web Audio: Downloading Audio On The Internet1820 Words   |  8 PagesWeb Audio: Downloading Audio on the Internet Legally and Illegally Prospectus Web Audio: Downloading Audio on the Internet Legally and Illegally Statement of Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the legality of downloading music over the Internet. The paper will reflect the different methods available for Internet downloading such as subscription and peer-to-peer sharing. Methods and Procedures The resources used to find information on the topic were found from articlesRead MoreApplying A Long Term Investment Program2318 Words   |  10 Pagesmaking a list of what you owe and the amounts associated with your monthly payments one can better identify the debts that must be paid off in order to optimize the amount that individual is able to contribute to their long-term financial goals. As Dave Ramsey would say â€Å"Live like no one else now so that you can live like no one else later.† If an individual can discipline themselves to pursue their financial goals by cutting out or reducing the amount they spend on entertainment, eating out, andRead MoreEssay on Electoral College2313 Words   |  10 Pagessystem to decide the Presidential election in a complex society such as the United States. Many scholars place the Electoral College into a historical context by discussing its evolution and sustenance throughout the history of the United States. This paper will discuss the main arguments made by supporters of the Electoral College System. I will first provide a description of the Electoral College and offer justifications as to why it was conceived by the Founding Fathers. Next, I will present majorRead MoreThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay2490 Words   |  10 Pagesin The Handmaid’s Tale through totalitarian regime and the systematic oppression and dehumanization of women by the patriarchy. Atwood was born on November 18th, 1939 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Her father was a forest entomologist who conducted research for the government, and because of this, their family lived in the wilderness of northern Quebec every year from November to April. Even though Atwood had already begun writing at this point, she says that she was told that â€Å"there were five thingsRead MoreToxicity in the Workplace3766 Words   |  16 PagesThe Toxic Workplace Organizational Behaviour Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relationship of incivility and toxicity, how bullies are able to become toxic managers, and how they are allowed to develop in a toxic organization. We also analyze the development of organizational pain and how toxin handlers deal it with. Finally, we hope to assess if there is any validity to claims that ‘Generation Z’ is responsible for the recent prevalence of workplace toxicityRead MorePublic Health Information Systems5165 Words   |  21 Pages1 BUILDING A ROADMAP FOR HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEROPERABILITY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (Public Health Uses of Electronic Health Record Data) WHITE PAPER 2007 2 CONTENTS List of Authors: PHDSC - IHE Task Force Participants †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 What is Public Health?....................................................................................................6 Mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Stakeholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWendys Analysis6324 Words   |  26 Pages[pic] Wendy’s Analysis Khalid Al-Ajmi Neil Commerce Terrell Matthews Anil K Cheerla MBAD 271: Strategic Management Professor Gary Bojes Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Background 4 Mission Statement 4 Vision Statement 4 Analysis of Strengths: 5 Strength 1 5 Strength 2 6 Strength 3 7 Analysis of Weaknesses 8 Weakness 1 8 Weakness 2 9 Weakness 3 10 Summary of Strengths and Weaknesses 11 Internal Factors Framework 12 Three Core Elements of Wendy’sRead MoreCase Study Essay10964 Words   |  44 Pagesyour head cut off. I’m not afraid o losing this u of business.†9 _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Professors Forest Reinhardt and Ramon Casadesus-M Masanell and Research Associate Hyun Jin Kim prepared this case. HBS cas are developed ses solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are no intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustratio of effective or ot ons ineffective management.

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 1602 Words

Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery,† is a story about the need to find a sin offering to appease the community’s superstition while everyone else plays the scapegoat. The term and practice of using a sin offering and scapegoat can be traced back to the Bible in Leviticus chapter 16. Aaron, the brother of Moses, is the high priest for the nation of Israel. He is the only one who could enter into Holy of Holies, the place in the Jewish tabernacle that held the ark of the covenant and where God dwelt in a cloud of smoke, to offer sacrifices for the sins of the nation of Israel. This ceremony could only be performed once and year and included the participation of two male goats. Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. â€Å"Then Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell, and make it a sin offering. But the goat on which the lot for the scapegoat fell shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness as the scapegoat† (Leviticus 16:9-10). The goat that the lot for the Lord fell upon was sacrifice for the sins of the nation. The goat the lot for the scapegoat fell upon was released into the wilderness and represented God’s forgiveness of the nation’s sins. â€Å"The Lottery† was about sacrifice, except the townspeople used human sacrifices instead of animal sacrifices. The story begins with boys collecting rocks. Collecting rock seems to be a thing that aShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirl ey Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Gender Bias Essay Research Paper The topic free essay sample

Gender Bias Essay, Research Paper The subject of my research has been differences in math acquisition and aptitude between male childs and misss. This subject was suggested to me by my wise man, Mike Millo, as it is of peculiar involvement to him. Mr. Millo is an Algebra instructor at Ball High. Much has been made of gender differences in math by the popular media and Mr. Millo felt that it would be interesting to analyze this subject and research the findings of educational research workers. I besides found this subject personally challenging as I am presently reading the book, Failing At Fairness: How Our Schools Cheat Girls, by Myra and David Sadker ( 1994 ) , which explores gender prejudice in all country of instruction. In researching this subject I found many related research articles and extended articles where relevant variables had been measured. I tried to concentrate on extremely relevant articles, which examined specifically the different abilities of males and females in math or sought accounts for those differences. With one exclusion, the surveies I reviewed supported that there are differences in math related accomplishment between males and females. Two of thr articles I reviewed focal point on the differences in teacher interaction with male and female pupils in math category suites. The Structure of Abilities in Math-Precocious Young Children: Gender Berninger, and Julie Busse ( 1996 ) , the undermentioned research inquiries were explored: 1. Can immature kids who are advanced in mathematical logical thinking be located expeditiously by beging parent nominations? 2. Make steps of these kids # 8217 ; s cognitive abilities in other spheres besides show promotion and, if so, to what degree? 3. How do steps in verbal and visual-spatial spheres relate to mathematical accomplishments for subgroups divided by class and gender? 4. What, if any, cognitive gender differences emerge within this group of immature precocious kids? My involvement was focused on the last inquiry, which relates to gender differences. The survey showed gender differences apparent in every analysis. However, the survey does non suggest grounds for these differences. One of the possible deductions of this survey, that gender related differences in math ability are apparent from such a immature age conflicts with information presented some of the other documents I reviewed. In three surveies, there is a great accent on gender related abilities in math which are related to adolescence. In Gender Roles in Marriage: What do They Mean for Girls # 8217 ; and Boys # 8217 ; School Achievement, by Kimberly A. Updegraff, Susan M. McHale and Ann C. Crouter ( 1996 ) , the research workers evaluate differences in household kineticss to find what deductions these might hold for gender related math ability. This article was really interesting, although the research inquiry was seize with teething away more than it could masticate. What this article finds is that misss from households who hold a more classless household construction are less likely to endure a diminution in math ability at adolescence. This article besides suggests that it is non the misss # 8220 ; difficult wiring # 8221 ; which causes math ability differences. I interpret this article as implying that the root of the job could be in gender function stereo types. In Single Sex Math Classes: What and For Whom? One School # 8217 ; s Experiences, Richard Durost ( 1996 ) studies that when decision makers talked to many of the misss in his school, the misss stated that they felt mentally intimidated by the male childs. Teachers noted that boys asked inquiries, talked and competed, while misss tended to reflect, listen, and cooperate. In an effort to cover with gender related public presentation issues, Mr. Durost # 8217 ; s school implemented a all female subdivision Algebra I. The females who participated in the pilot plan did demo an addition in their math tonss. This paper suggests that the differences in math ability are non # 8220 ; difficult wired # 8221 ; . That it may non be a difference in a miss # 8217 ; s ability to # 8220 ; make # 8221 ; math or larn math, but possibly a trouble in a girls ability to interact in a co-educational math related scenes which determines her math success. In other words, there might non be a math job in and of itself but possibly math differences were one manifestation of differences in inter-gender communicating and interaction manners. In Gender Based Education: Why it Works at the Middle School Level, William C, Perry ( 1996 ) , the principal of a in-between school citations surveies from the American Association of University Women ( 1991, 1992 ) , back uping the theory that gender related math ability differences don # 8217 ; t go manifest until in-between school. Mr. Perry was really concerned about studies he had read or heard presented demoing that there is prejudice against misss in the schoolrooms. In response to the research workers concerns, a survey was done in which take parting pupils were assigned to same sex categories. The survey studies increased grade point norms for both male childs and misss take parting in the survey. I would hold liked to see the standardised trial tonss for both groups of pupils. While classs are one index of public presentation, it seems that if there is prejudice in learning manners, there could be bias in rating. Standardized tonss could give a better vantage point for analysing existent differences in math comprehension. This survey ties in with the following two surveies which point to an institutionalized job In G. Leder # 8217 ; s research, Teacher Student Interactions in the Mathematicss Classroom: A Different Perspective, the research worker picture tapes categories to determine types and frequence of interactions with pupils. this was correlated with trial tonss, perceptual experience studies from instructors every bit good as ego studies of math perceived math ability of the pupils. In this survey, males and females were comparatively equal in ability n the lower class degrees, but males tended to make better in the tenth class degree. This becomes really challenging when it is noted that self report and teacher studies of sensed ability systematically rated the males higher. The qualitat ive facets of this survey examined content and frequence of instructor remarks. There was no important difference between males and females. In J. Becker # 8217 ; s research, Differential Treatment of Females and Males in Mathematicss Classs, the research worker observed 10 schoolrooms for a sum of 10 yearss. She collected both qualitative and quantitative informations. The writer concludes that there is really clearly differences in the interactions between instructors and pupils depending on the pupils gender. These differences systematically favor the males. This survey besides reveals that both the schoolrooms and instructors themselves reinforce gender stereotypes portraying math as a male kingdom. this research worker asserts that the failure of females to stand out in math is attributable to self carry throughing prognostication: misss are non expected by themselves or their instructors to make good, hence, finally, they do non. My last two articles examine gender differences at the university degree. The first of these two does non analyze math ability, but instead attending to numerical information in gender related contexts. The Numbers Game: Gender and Attention to Numerical Information, by Jackson, Fleury, Girvin and Gerard ( 1995 ) , compared work forces # 8217 ; s and adult females # 8217 ; s abilities to remember numerical information when it was presented in a gender related context. Not surprisingly, work forces were better at remembering informations in male scenes than adult females were. However, of the three context classs ( male, female, impersonal ) both work forces and adult females did best in the impersonal classs and worst in the female classs. The writer suggests that this could reflect the inclination of the civilization to see female related activities as less of import than male or gender-neutral activities. The concluding article I reviewed was Gender and Mathematics Achievement Parity: Evidence from Post-Secondary Education, by Amin M. Kianian ( 1995 ) . This survey seemed flawed in several ways. The survey examines the classs of all of the pupils from one instructor # 8217 ; s university degree math classes over a period of three old ages and so compares them for gender differences. His findings are that there are no important differences between work forces # 8217 ; s and adult females # 8217 ; s math classs at the university degree. I believe this survey could be better than it is, because it does non show whether or non the work forces and adult females really had a demonstratedly equal math ability. Grades could be really subjective. Accepted at face value, nevertheless, it could be suggested that this might connote that the gender related issues so prominent in the eyes of some research workers when analyzing the stripling population, have disappeared by the clip pupils go to college. I realize that this would be stretching the relevancy of the survey to travel this far, but there are deductions along these lines. Overall, after reexamining the articles which were summarized, I find myself drawn to the information demoing that the gender differences in math ability seem to be preponderantly manifest during adolescence. As many of the surveies suggest, this is likely to be associated with interpersonal and self regard issues. Many issues come to mind for farther research. 1. ) Self esteem in adolescent misss and the correlativity with math ability. 2. ) Does engagement in athleticss affect gender related math acquisition? 3. ) What are the deductions of individual sex schoolrooms for subsequently larning? Are individual sex category suites making a false environment, therefore puting females up for # 8220 ; gender daze # 8221 ; later in life or instruction? 4. ) What are the deductions of female math instructors in the schoolrooms for gender related differences in math abilities. 5. ) A cohort survey of x population tracking them over and drawn-out period of clip to see at what points math ability, self esteem, and other related variables fluctuate. Some of these subjects would be really suited for immediate research. Others, would be best left to extremely funded groups or authorities bureaus. For my farther research, I would wish to research the relationship between assertiveness in adolescent misss and its relationship to their math success. More specifically, I would wish to invent a survey that examines whether or non assertiveness preparation in adolescent misss would impact their math success. Mentions American Association of University Women. ( 1991 ) . 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